Jones & Bartlett Learning (JBL) Module 4B Practice Exam

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• Which receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel?
• Informed consent validity, which condition must be ensured?
• The description 'begins in one extremity' BEST describes which type of seizure?
• Name three routes of drug administration and one key consideration for each.
• Which of the following is NOT among the three common signs of infection that trigger isolation precautions?
• How does a clinician determine maintenance dosing using half-life?
• Epinephrine administration in anaphylaxis helps relieve which symptom?
• Which statement correctly differentiates systolic blood pressure from diastolic blood pressure?
• How does autoimmunity contribute to disease mechanism?
• Which is an example of a G-protein-coupled receptor that is commonly targeted by medications?
• Patients may experience allergic reactions to which of the following substances?
• In the evidence hierarchy, which statement accurately describes the placement of systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, expert opinion, and case reports?
• Which is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?
• Left-sided heart failure is most commonly associated with which of the following symptom clusters?
• Which wound drainage type is described as clear and watery?
• Which condition would be LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
• Which physiologic mechanism contributes to shock in peritonitis?
• In ADME, which component describes how a drug is eliminated from the body?
• Which statement best reflects the use of surrogate decision-makers in patient care?
• Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
• A patient with altered mental status, high blood glucose levels, and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as __________.
• Which hepatic metabolism phase is responsible for functionalization of drugs?
• Which symptom is most characteristic of the postictal state after a seizure?
• In the field, a diver suspected of decompression sickness should be transported to which facility?
• What is the liver's role in drug metabolism beyond the first-pass effect?
• What is the difference between dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis?
• Which strategies are recommended for nurse self-care and burnout prevention?
• Which symptom indicates respiratory involvement in an allergic reaction?
• Symptomatic hypoglycemia is most likely to develop if a patient
• What is PICO in evidence-based practice and how is it used?
• What is the most prominent symptom of decompression sickness?
• During transport of a frostbitten foot, what is the recommended action?
• At the site of a bite or sting, the wheal appears as which of the following?
• In a patient with suspected stroke and a stable airway, which is the recommended action?
• Which scenario would most likely result in hypoglycemia?
• How is the general impression of a patient during a mental health crisis typically formed?
• When a foreign substance invades the body, which statement best describes the body's response?
• All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT:
• Which step of the nursing process involves evaluating outcomes and adjusting care?
• The two basic categories of diagnosis used for behavioral crises or psychiatric emergencies are:
• Epinephrine effects are typically observed within how long after administration?
• In fire safety planning, what does the RACE acronym stand for?
• Which route offers a rapid onset and precise control of dose?
• Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as which of the following?
• Urinary tract infections are more common in ____________.
• Define first-pass metabolism and identify the organ primarily responsible.
• Which statement best distinguishes acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease in terms of onset and reversibility?
• Which of the following is not a blood cell?
• What is the primary purpose of primary prevention in public health?
• Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
• How would you recognize atrial fibrillation on an EKG?
• Which statement about dialysis is correct?
• If epinephrine is not available on scene and EMS protocols do not allow carrying it, which course of action is recommended?
• Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?
• In a park lightning strike incident with three patients, what is the correct initial action after calling for backup?
• Which hepatic metabolism phase is responsible for conjugation of drugs?
• What does the NFPA 704 safety diamond indicate and what are the four color-coded ratings?
• Anaphylaxis caused by stinging insects is typically an allergic reaction to which of the following?
• Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient?
• Which elements are commonly described as part of a patient safety culture in healthcare?
• In the evidence hierarchy used for clinical decision-making, which statement correctly identifies the highest level of evidence?
• What is the therapeutic index and why is it important?
• For a patient in heat stroke, what is the most appropriate immediate field intervention?
• A 66-year-old woman experienced sudden difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis. Based on her medical history, which condition should the EMT suspect?
• An important aspect in treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain?
• What is the role of peer review in evidence-based practice?
• Which component of the SOAP note typically documents the clinician's interpretation of data and the problem list?
• A 19-year-old female is stung multiple times by fire ants and reports a known allergy to fire ants but does not carry her epinephrine. What is the most appropriate immediate action?
• Which statement BEST describes the postictal state following a seizure?
• What is the primary function of the mitochondria in cells?
• Compared with Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever may cause which of the following complications?
• Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale score of:
• Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:
• Which brain region coordinates balance and coordination?
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever is commonly associated with flu-like symptoms and which rash?
• Which term describes pain felt at distant site such as shoulder?
• The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg.
• Which statement correctly describes type 2 diabetes pathophysiology?
• Drowning is most accurately defined as which of the following?
• What is the purpose of a med reconciliation process?
• Why is it important to recognize that a single symptom does not diagnose mental illness?
• Differ with a clinical pathway and standard of care.
• Which statement BEST describes a simple partial seizure?
• The pancreas is located in the retroperitoneal space.
• In the same scenario, the patient’s respirations were 18 breaths per minute and unlabored. This rate is considered:
• During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:
• When obtaining history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, what is MOST important to determine?
• A warm hand is placed in water at 70°F (21°C). Heat is transferred from the hand to the water by which process?
• From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least:
• Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:
• Which two receptor types are commonly targeted by medications?
• Which sound indicates swelling of the upper airway?
• The three major parts of the brain are the:
• Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called?
• The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:
• Which factor is least helpful in pinpointing the allergen source?
• Which of the following is not a typical sign of heat exhaustion?
• What distinguishes a dose-response curve from a plateau effect?
• What is a triage principle and how is it applied in emergency care?
• During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:
• Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood and does not participate in digestion?
• A 29-year-old pregnant patient with severe vomiting and hematemesis; which diagnosis is most consistent?
• Which statement about the acute abdomen is true?
• Describe the components of patient safety culture as defined by the Institute of Medicine.
• When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:
• Which statement describes a synergistic pharmacologic interaction?
• The left cerebral hemisphere controls:
• Pharmacovigilance is best described as what?
• Which organ lies in the retroperitoneal space?
• Which symptom would suggest a headache is due to sinus congestion?
• The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to which body system?
• A behavioral crisis interferes with which of the following?
• What is the difference between transmission-based precautions and standard precautions?
• For abnormal behavior, which duration is considered a threshold for concern?
• A 47-year-old male with severe abdominal pain; MOST important consideration?
• In a patient who is unresponsive and apneic after rescue in cold weather, what is the first step during the primary assessment?
• The honeybee stinger should be removed in which manner?
• Which action best reflects the initial contact approach with a patient in a psychiatric crisis who is agitated?
• In abdominal pain, which finding would most strongly indicate need for rapid transport?
• A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:
• During a behavioral crisis with actively bleeding injuries, the MOST appropriate action is to:
• A patient with an altered mental status is:
• The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:
• How long should you observe arm movement during drift testing?
• Rebound tenderness is assessed by pressing and releasing to evaluate pain in the area of the patient’s complaint.
• Which statement regarding the acute abdomen is correct?
• Which statement accurately defines hyperthermia?
• Which cells act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate the adaptive immune response?
• Which symptom most strongly suggests aphasia when language is impaired?
• What are standard precautions and when are they used?
• Which description most accurately defines hyperthermia?
• Define risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
• A 60-year-old with sudden back pain and a pulsating abdominal mass; EMS initial management?
• In a hypoglycemic emergency, which action is the best initial step for an unresponsive patient?
• Which of the following best describes the purpose of PICO in evidence-based practice?
• A 37-year-old female with diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness for 2 days. Her blood glucose is 320 mg/dL. If untreated, she will most likely develop:
• Most scuba diving injuries are caused by which factor?
• A 37-year-old male experiences a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment?
• Which statement about frostnip is true?
• Which statement best describes homeostasis and provides an example of a negative feedback mechanism?
• Which description best defines consent capacity and surrogate decision-makers?
• Upon entering a residence where a patient has self-inflicted wrist injuries with bleeding, what is the safest first action?
• Informed consent in clinical practice, which elements must be present for consent to be valid?
• What is the most common misconception surrounding mental illness?
• What does HIPAA stand for and what is its primary purpose in clinical practice?
• Which statement best describes therapeutic index?
• You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, respirations are 14 breaths per minute with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. The treatment for this patient should include:
• Distinguish between additive and synergistic pharmacologic interactions with examples.
• Which condition is caused by prolonged exposure to cold, damp environments and can lead to tissue damage without freezing?
• Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?
• When a psychiatric emergency arises, a patient is most likely to exhibit which behavior?
• Which statement best describes polyphagia?
• Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following?
• After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a patient with an allergic reaction, breathing improves but they remain anxious and tachycardic. What is the appropriate course of action?
• In urticaria, what term describes the individual raised, itchy bump?
• What is the goal of invading bacteria and viruses in relation to the human body?
• Which statement best differentiates nociception from pain perception?
• In the fire ant sting scenario, what was the patient’s blood pressure?
• A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic therapy if he or she:
• In a psychiatric crisis, which behavior most clearly indicates potential danger to others?
• Anaphylaxis usually progresses to life-threatening status within which time frame?
• A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and says he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:
• Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function?
• What is the relationship between insulin and blood glucose?
• The three major parts of the brain are the:
• A 53-year-old diabetic man who has been mowing in the heat for 3 hours is confused with hot, moist skin and hypotension. What should you do?
• Which statement best describes a key element in burnout prevention for healthcare professionals?
• Compare acute and chronic inflammation regarding duration and cellular mediators.
• Which is a listed risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia?
• Which of the following is a known side effect after epinephrine administration in anaphylaxis?
• Which action BEST supports determining onset time in suspected stroke?
• In healthy adults, the typical fasting blood glucose range is:
• Urticaria is the medical term for which condition?
• Which statement about inhaled allergens is true?
• The main function of the endocrine system is to _________.
• An awake, conscious patient bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake shows two puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. The appropriate management includes which of the following?
• Explain the difference between affinity and efficacy in receptor pharmacology.
• What does ADME stand for in pharmacology?
• The normal blood glucose level is between
• In the scenario of a febrile seizure in a young child, which EMS action is most appropriate?
• A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. She takes medications for type 2 diabetes and has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. What is the most appropriate first action?
• Which lab value is most indicative of renal function and what is a normal range for adults?
• Which may help reduce your patient's nausea?
• Which statement best describes HIPAA's privacy protection?
• Peritonitis may result in shock because?
• Which action is NOT part of the proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient?
• Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?
• What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?
• Signs of excited delirium include which of the following combinations:
• What is the key difference between acute and chronic pain management strategies?
• For a patient with a gastrointestinal complaint, MOST important for the EMT?
• You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. The child is conscious and crying after a fever and seizure lasting about 3 minutes. You should:
• What is the role of hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic IV solutions in fluid balance?
• How do you calculate body mass index (BMI) and what are common categories?
• Which sign is more characteristic of hypoglycemia?
• Epinephrine stimulates the ________ response, increasing blood pressure and relieving bronchospasm.
• Which condition is characterized by sudden, raised, itchy welts on the skin?
• A patient with upper GI bleeding and risk of aspiration; what is the EMT's MOST immediate action?
• You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. Definitive treatment for this patient includes:
• In a patient with documented hypoglycemia, the EMT should be MOST alert for which complication?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between isotonic and hypertonic IV fluids in terms of their effect on cells?
• Which statement about the Glasgow Coma Scale is true?
• Define SBAR and its components used in clinical communication.
• Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
• Abdominal pain assessment: which palpation sequence is recommended?
• In an unwitnessed water-related incident, which condition should the EMT assume may be present?
• Everyone exhibits signs and symptoms of mental illness at some point in life, but what does this not necessarily indicate?
• Your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty foods. You should suspect ____________.
• The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because
• Which position is commonly preferred by patients with abdominal pain?
• In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:
• Which BMI range defines normal weight?
• Following diving-related decompression sickness symptoms, what is the most appropriate transport destination?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for first-pass metabolism?
• Which symptom is more typical of right-sided heart failure rather than left-sided?
• What is the recommended method for removing a honeybee stinger embedded in the skin?
• Which NFPA 704 color code corresponds to health hazard?
• Which name describes a cold, numb foot resulting from prolonged exposure to damp conditions?
• Which condition would MOST likely affect the entire brain?
• A 59-year-old male with sudden back pain and a pulsating mass left of umbilicus; initial management?
• A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with which of the following signs/symptoms?
• Which factor provides clues regarding the source of a patient’s allergic reaction?
• In the case of a minor snake bite with minimal symptoms, which action is NOT recommended?
• A general impression of the patient is formed by the EMT:
• The two main types of cells contained in blood are called _________.
• Which wound drainage type is described as pinkish and representing a mix of serous and sanguineous fluid?
• Which of the following statements about the spleen is accurate?
• Deep, rapid respirations in a hyperglycemic patient are most characteristic of which condition?
• Why is critical thinking essential for clinical reasoning?
• In diabetes, damage to which eye structure commonly leads to blindness?
• Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to?
• Costovertebral angle tenderness in young female; which organ MOST likely causing pain?
• Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below which value?
• Which would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with a seizure patient's refusal of transport?
• Which medication blocks the release of histamines?
• What are the four components of a SOAP note?
• A diver who recently ascended rapidly from about 30 feet reports difficulty breathing, cyanosis around the lips, and pink froth. What is the correct initial management and destination?
• Your patient complains of chronic "burning" stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect:
• What is the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?